1. 研究目的与意义
The last two years have witnessed the COVID-19 pandemic raging through the world an influencing various aspects of our lives. Epidemic news as a medium of communicating information across the country entails a metaphorical concept “ Epidemic is War” in related news discourses. Metaphor, which plays an indispensable role in the construction of human thoughts an political and social reality, has always been the focus of linguistic researches.
2. 研究内容和预期目标
Under the guidance of Conceptual Metaphor Theory, this thesis takes the war metaphors in news discourse of COVID-19 in China Daily as the research materials. The purpose of this thesis is to explore the cognitive influence of traditional Chinese culture and contemporary ideology on war metaphors through analyzing linguistic expressions in the domestic media reports of the COVID-19 pandemic, and to make a further explanation for the motivations of using war metaphors. In view of this, the paper mainly answers the following two key questions:
(1)How does WAR METAPHOR manifest or construct the COVID-19 epidemic in news discourse of China Daily?
3. 国内外研究现状
The conceptual metaphor mainly involves understanding and experiencing a certain concept from the point of view of other concepts (Lakoff amp; Johnson, 1980). That is to say, it is a systematic and partial mapping from the source domain to the target domain. Lakoff and Tuner (1989), in their monograph More Than Cool Reason:A Field Guide to Poetic Metaphor, proposed that the entities, relationships, properties, and knowledge of the source domain are projected to the target domain in the mapping process. Since the establishment of conceptual metaphor, metaphors have been regarded as cognitive devices rather than rhetoric to some extent. War metaphor is one of the most common categories in conceptual metaphor theory. There is a well-defined schematic system for the prototypical of war and the knowledge of which is widespread (Gibbs Jr, 2017). From psychoanalytic perspective, the inner connection of war metaphor is confirmed in the cultural context to see how it mirrors the reality (Lasco, 2020; Luo, 2005; Lian, 2004; Heath, Bickel amp; DeGrandpre, 1996; Fu, 1985). In other words, it indicates that war metaphor is omnipresent in discourses, thereby being regarded as one of the root metaphors. As proposed by Lakoff and Johnson (1980) in Metaphors We Live by, war metaphor is to substantiate the hypothesis that metaphor is cognitive in essence. News discourses are intentionally decorated by various conceptual metaphors. Studies of metaphors in news discourses are conducive to the comprehension of cultural reality.
From foreign researches, some extant researches revealed that metaphor has been recognized as important in political rhetoric (Fairclough, 2003; Chilton, 2004). In fact, there already have been substantial studies analyzing the effect of war metaphors used in COVID-19 news reports for political purposes. Semino (2021) commented though war metaphors in COVID-19 pandemic reports strengthen awareness of the mass, they identify innocent virus victims as “malicious adversaries or enemies”, at the linguistic level, causing the public anxiety. Seixas (2021) believes war metaphors may influence crisis communication. Drawing on critical discourse analysis and on crisis communication literature, he(2021) showed how political representatives have used the war metaphor for the purposes in terms of crisis communication and management of the current Covid-19 pandemic. In his view, war metaphors are inherently negative and damaging.
4. 计划与进度安排
Outline:
Introduction
5. 参考文献
[1] Chilton, P.(2004). Analyzing Political Discourse: Theory and Practice[M]. London: Routledge.
[2] Fairclough, N.(2003). Analyzing discourse: Textual analysis for social research[M]. London: Routledge.
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