The Contrastive Analysis about Euphemism of Death between English and Chinese开题报告

1. 研究目的与意义

The generation of euphemism can be connected with linguistic taboo. Actually, linguistic taboos are existing in every culture and every society. Besides, it is every bit as other words which are not suitable for using in some special situation. Judish S. Neaman and Carole G. Silver are pointing the origin about euphemism in English euphemism dictionary (Neaman ,1991). They hold the idea that the motivation of euphemism is same to human emotions, which is colorful and general. The real reason is revering and placating the mysterious force which is governing the universe. In language expression, whatever for whom, death has always been a sensitive topic. No one wants to mention it directly. On the contrary, everyone wants to get good words and try their best not to destroy the atmosphere. In our daily life, death is not only an irresistible physiological phenomenon but also a general social phenomenon. Death is a subject that no one wants to be faced with. Although the English death euphemism and Chinese death euphemism have some similar places, there are so many distinctions, because of different culture , different politics and different religious. However, death euphemism still doesn#8217;t have a comprehensive and specific research, especially lacking a contrastive analysis about euphemism of death between English and Chinese. So I want to make a comparison between English and Chinese death euphemism from structure analysis, pragmatic analysis, the cause of English and Chinese euphemism, the development of death euphemism and semantic analysis of euphemism expression in English and Chinese. This paper is made up with death euphemism of pragmatics and semantics. In addition, as we all know that most of euphemisms are changing bad things into good things when people are saying. At the same time, people need to use different ways to express it, and the most commonly used way is metaphor. Cognitive linguistics proposals that one of the functions of language is showing the understanding of the objective world. For a long time, people think metaphor is a linguistic phenomenon and a rhetoric way. So Aristotle defined metaphor is #8220;taking the words which are belonging to other things#8221;(孙毅,2013). However, the arisen cognitive linguistics in 1980s through the deep demonstration of language and cognition overturned the traditional metaphor and metonymy. The new cognitive linguistics thought metaphor and metonymy are the existence of human and basic living ways. It is a way of thinking which can be independent from natural language(孙毅, 2013). So I think with the development of human society, the death euphemism also need to be changed, and it can be independent. However, it can not leave the society away. Otherwise, there is no meaning of the existence. This research can help people understand different culture diversity and the distance in association when people feel embarrassed. If we do not take into account the impact of cultural differences, we will feel difficult to understand the implicit meaning of death euphemism. The significance of this thesis is to enable people to have a better understanding of English and Chinese euphemism , in order to enhance communication skills, avoid conflict of cultures.

2. 研究内容和预期目标

This paper will have a contrastive analysis about euphemism of death between English and Chinese from structure analysis, pragmatic analysis, the cause of English and Chinese euphemism, the development of death euphemism and semantic analysis of euphemism expression in English and Chinese to show an explicit comparison. In this paper, I will try to focus my study on the reason of the generation in death euphemism and the development of English and Chinese euphemism with time going by. What#8217;s more, in order to prove this view, I will find enough examples to show the difference between English and Chinese culture.

3. 国内外研究现状

As for death euphemism, we need some systematic and integrated research to support the difference between English and Chinese euphemism. There are a variety of opinions about the generation of euphemism from domestic and overseas scholars. Herder, a German Renaissance famous romantic writer mentioned that the different ethnic culture will develop and produce a kind of ethos which is reflecting on art and literature in his book called the origin of language in 18 century(陶桂凤,2012) .The death euphemism is also a cultural phenomenon, so it can be connected with ethos. So I agree with Herder#8217;s opinion, and I want to show that different national sprints will affect the death euphemism, especially the old-line Chinese ethos. On this basis, a new concept of language turned up which is called Humboldt''s Viewpoints. According to Humboldt#8217;s viewpoints on national language, language is the outward manifestation of national culture and ethos and death euphemism is also influenced by it（洪堡特,1997）. These two professors thought the culture and national sprits play the most important role in the generation of death euphemism. However, some Chinese writer thought the environment is the most significant factor in the produce of death euphemism. What#8217;s more, the Chinese writer Gao Guixiang thought that the literal meaning of euphemism is #8220;speaking well of #8230;#8221; and #8220;good speech#8221;(高桂香,2004), so at all times and in all over the world, death has always been a sensitive topic, everyone wants to avoid disaster and they are not willing to say it directly. This phenomenon promotes the development of death euphemism. As John Gross said that death,#8230;has been the biggest taboo（Enright,1985）.Besides American anthropologist Florence R. Kluckhohn made five value of orientations as coordinates, which are humanity, the relationship between human and nature, time orientation, activities and interpersonal social relations. He thought English countries and China influenced by different culture, religious, education and other aspect, so the death euphemism has total difference(Kluckhohn,1961). This idea is similar to my paper, because I think everyone has abundant emotions, and the communication of social life actually is the emotional communication. So when people in some special environments with some peculiar emotions, the death euphemism rises in response to the proper time and conditions.

4. 计划与进度安排

1.Nov.1st-Nov.23 , 2022Subject selecting amp; topic narrowing

Selecting the writing materials in library, and finding enough writing materials to support the topicshy;－ contrastive analysis about euphemism of death between English and Chinese.

2.Dec.1st-Dec.31st , 2022Opening report amp; detailed outline

Writing the research background , significance, status, tendency, contents, objectives, and writing a detail outline.

3.Jan.19th -Mar.19^th , 2022First draft

Using the enough data , writing the first draft about the topic－contrastive analysis about euphemism of death between English and Chinese.

4.Apr.21st-May.6^th , 2022 Second draft and three draft

Revising the first draft and discussing with tutor. 5.May.7th-May.10th, 2022Final version

Writing final version and printing it, preparing for thesis defense.

May 28th-June 10th, 2022 Thesis defense.

5. 参考文献

[1] Black, M. Models and Metaphors: Studies in Language and Philosophy[M]. New York: Cornell University Press, 1962.

[2] Enright , D. J . Fair of Speech ---The Use of Euphemisms[M] . New York : Oxford University Press , 1985.

[3] Judith. S. Neaman, Carole. G. Silver. Kind Words: a thesaurus of euphemisms .[M] World Publishing Corp , 1991.

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