Analysis of Lord of the Flies from Fryes Prototype开题报告

 2023-01-17 19:49:00

1. 研究目的与意义

Sir William Gerald Golding was an English novelist, playwright, and poet. Best known for his novel Lord of the Flies, he won a Nobel Prize in Literature, and was also awarded the Booker Prize for literature in 1980 for his novel Rites of Passage, the first book in what became his sea trilogy, To the Ends of the Earth. Golding was knighted by Elizabeth II in 1988. He was a fellow of the Royal Society of Literature. In 2008, The Times ranked Golding third on their list of 'The 50 greatest British writers since 1945'. Many archetypes appeared in his novels gives me a curiosity to research this novel and his representative work ---- Lord of the Flies.

Lord of the Flies is a 1954 dystopian novel about some British boys stuck on an isolated island who try to govern themselves but caused a tragedy ending. It based on the controversial subjects of human nature and individual welfare versus the common good. It was one of the most frequently challenged books of 1990-1999. At an allegorical level, the central theme is the conflicting human impulses toward civilization-living by rules, peacefully and toward the will to power.

Frye proposed his archetypal criticism theory in one of his most famous work Anatomy of Criticism. It attempts to formulate an overall view of the scope, theory, principles, and techniques of literary criticism derived exclusively from literature. Ions.' The literary approach proposed by Frye in Anatomy was highly influential in the decades before deconstructive criticism and other expressions of postmodernism. The four essays are titled #8220;Historical Criticism: A Theory of Modes#8221;, #8220;Ethical Criticism: a Theory of Symbols, Archetypal Criticism: A Theory of myths#8221;, #8220;and Rhetorical Criticism: A Theory of Genres#8221;. And we can see the thought of cultural anthropology and history recurrence, and we can also see the tendency of cultural criticism. Thus, studying this novel will help us learn more about the social conditions in the 20th century#8217; s America and learning it from Frye#8217;s prototype theory will help us dig the deeper meaning of this novel.

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2. 研究内容和预期目标

Through analyzing all the prototypes in Lord of the Flies by using Frye#8217;s theory, we can not only easily figure out the prototypes of all the characters, plots, images and scenes but also understand the prototype of the theme.

In this novel, Golding tried to use the cruel conflicts among those young boys to present the dark side of the reality. Nevertheless, Golding not express his thought directly but using all the images and characters to establish an allegorical relationship. The difficulties lies in that the prototypes of the relationships. Readers can only see some cruel things happened in the uninhabited land, but the prototype of those things is much more significant than themselves. Thus readers of this paper can learn more information about the deeper meaning of Lord of the Flies and see this novel from a new perspective.

This essay consists of four parts. Chapter one is about literature review, the current as well as creative studies of William Golding#8217;s novel----Lord of the Flies, and Frye#8217;s literature archetype theory and his Myth-archetypal criticism. Chapter two keeps an eye on the major characters#8217; prototype. This chapter will analyze it from four major characters: Ralph , Pigy , Jack and Simon . If Ralph is on behalf of the civilization of human beings, Jack will be the brutish nature of human. In the novel, we can only see Jack#8217;s cruelty. But Ralph has his own limitation too. The tragedy cannot be caused by only one person. Piggy and Simon both are the victims of the confrontation between civilization and brutish nature. But there are some differences between them because they have totally different prototypes in this novel. And that#8217;s what this article tries to figure out. Chapter three will analyze from two aspects: the theme of utopia and the theme of original sin. Author creates an uninhabited island and tries to establish a small but integrated society in it. He was trying to utilize those boys to imitate what happened in the real world. After all the ugly things happened, boys were recued by adults. Because the author creates an utopia and no one can rescue the adults in the real world. According to the Bible, the lord of the flies is one of the seven lords in the hell--Beelzebub. It can represent the original sin of human beings. But reader cannot understand these after they read it. Therefore, this chapter will analyze the utopia and original sin in the archetype theme to help people see this novel in another perspective. Chapter four sums up Frye#8217;s prototype theory used in the Lord of the Flies.

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3. 国内外研究现状

As William Golding wins the Nobel Prize in Literature, the researches on him and his representative work by scholars at home and broad has achieved many basic and acknowledged agreements. Many papers and dissertations are relevant to the dark side of human nature#8217;s topic-- the study of the dark side of human nature in the Lord of the Flies etc. which affect a large amount of people to introspection themselves. Scholars have observed the writing devices, natural views and narrating techniques, such as symbolic features, irony, etc. Moreover, this essay can not only see it at the above perspectives but the prototypes in this novel, which is still an absorbing theme in current study.

The studies of Lord of the Flies are not encouraging in recent years. As a novel which wins Nobel Prize in Literature, Lord of the Flies has been analyzed less than other famous novels. It seems that Lord of the Flies has littlie attractive to the scholars in recent years. Thus, the studies of Lord of the Flies can be concluded on the following aspects.

First is the theme of human nature, such as the original sin and the defect of human nature. Marijike Van Vuuren (2004) in his essay #8220;Good Grief: Lord of the Flies as a Post-war Rewriting of Salvation History#8221; said that #8220;this novel depicts the original sin and the problem of evil.#8221; Second, some scholars are willing to see Lord of the Flies as a myth or allegory. But they still focus on the defect of human nature merely in a different approach. Water Sullivan wrote a chapter titled #8220;William Golding: the Fables and the Art#8221; in his book Arts and Letters, in which he introduced Golding as a fabulist and try to reveal how could Golding write a fable out of the real world. The third is to dig out the symbolic meanings of this novel, such as Jerome Martin#8217;s essay #8220;Symbol Hunting Golding#8217;s Lord of the Flies#8221;. It reveals the symbolic meanings of those boys#8217; names. At last, the political aspect of this novel. Stefan Hawlin(2008) in his essay #8220;The Savage in the Forest: Decolonizing William Golding#8221; said that #8220;this novel is defensive about the surrender of Empire, and makes an attempt to restate the old Empire misrepresentation of surrender of Empire, and makes an attempt to restate the old Empire misrepresentation of white enlightenment and black savagery.#8221; Until now, no essays or books can be found that are totally related to the archetype theory.

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4. 计划与进度安排

Outline

ChapterⅠ. Brief introduction

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5. 参考文献

[1]Babb, Howard. S. The Novels of William Golding[M]. New York; The Ohio State University Press, 1970.

[2]Bloom, Harold. Bloom#8217;s Modern Critical Interpretations: William Golding#8217;s Lord of the Flies[C]. New York: The Infobase Publishing, 2008.

[3]Burrows, J.David. Myths and Motifs in Literature[M]. New York: The Free Press, 1973.

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